PAR‐1 can be acted upon in fibroblasts by both thrombin and factor Xa to promote their proliferation, induce production of pro‐collagen, and amplify expression of various growth factors including connective tissue growth factor (CTGF).38., 39. PAR signalling can enhance inflammation in acute lung injury (ALI) by increasing the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including IL‐6,40 IL‐8,40., 41., 42. and platelet derived growth factor.43 The gene discussed is CCN2; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.