This GDH activity range for the reverse reaction is well within the range of fluxes determined for biosynthesis of protein (2.5–8.8 nmol/min * mg protein), glycogen (0.25–0.55 nmol/min * mg protein), urea (2.4–28 nmol/min * mg protein), and fatty acids (0.09–10.7 nmol/min * mg protein), or it is even above those of cholesterol (0.014–0.025 nmol/min * mg protein) and nucleotides (0.1 nmol/min * mg protein), in normal and tumor cells (78–83). Here, GLUD1 is linked to neoplasm.