CD274 and neoplasm: Ye et al. utilized a surgically removed tumor to prepare a customized PTT vaccine in which a tumor cell membrane was used to coat the surface of nanoparticles.[31] These tumor cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles were loaded into a thermosensitive hydrogel system containing the immunostimulants granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS); both are potent dendritic cell activators.[32] When combined with an anti‐PD‐L1 antibody, their approach successfully eliminated surgical tumor residuals and prevented tumor relapse and metastasis.