Although antitumor immunity is induced by radiotherapy, the effect may be limited due to the presence of radioresistant suppressor cell types in the tumor microenvironment.[62] In addition, tumor irradiation induces the expression of immune checkpoint molecules, such as PD‐L1, and upregulates TGF‐β signaling, which triggers a wound healing response. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.