MAPK3 and cancer: It has been demonstrated that NF-κB and HIF-1α play a role in the development of many cancers, such as LMP1-induced HIF-1α transcription via ERK1/2/NF-κB pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells to promote angiogenesis30; metformin-sensitized response of oral squamous cell carcinoma to cisplatin treatment through inhibition of the NF-κB/HIF-1α signal axis31, and our study finding that show HMGB1-involvement in the NF-κB/HIF-1α pathway, which caused cisplatin resistance in HCC cells.