This mechanism of small intestinal injury that induces villous atrophy and mucosal erosion (49) is particularly relevant for rotavirus infection since it was reported that treatment of mice with poly(I:C) or purified dsRNA from rotavirus increased intestinal injury in a CD8αα+NKG2D+- and RAE1-dependent manner (48, 49). Here, RAE1 is linked to Rotavirus infection.