However, at this time point, bacterial burden in spleen was significantly higher in RIPK3–/–, Casp-1/11–/–, and Casp-1/11–/–/RIPK3–/– double deficient in comparison to WT mice, suggesting that both RIPK3 and Casp-1/11 are important to control the early phase of listeria infection (Figure 1B). This evidence concerns the gene RIPK3 and listeriosis.