The most effective current immunotherapeutic interventions, such as PD-L1 inhibitors, are able to restore T cell activity against tumours.105 Unfortunately, some patients relapse after an initial response from immune-blockade therapies, suggesting that acquired tumour-specific alterations might trigger resistance to immunotherapies.5 As discussed above, the accumulation of somatic mutations (and thus high levels of neoantigens) and pathway dysregulation of tumours might lead to an altered immune cell composition in the TME that strongly influences therapy responses.105. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.