Increased immunogenicity may lead to a higher immune-cell abundance in the TME, improved patient survival and a better response to ICIs.51,52 As PTEN inactivation promotes higher rates of genomic instability,47 it would be generally expected that PTEN-deficient tumours would be pro-inflammatory, having a greater mutational burden and exhibiting increased immunogenicity in the TME. This evidence concerns the gene PTEN and neoplasm.