ACO1 and anemia (phenotype): We tested the eight hemoglobin associated variants at the ACO1 locus for association with anemia and polycythemia (five phenotypes), seven blood cell indices, and five iron biomarkers (Supplementary Tables 4 and 5), resulting in a total of 136 (eight times 17) tests and we found 23 associations (P value < 0.05/136 = 3.7 × 10−4) (Tables 2 and 3, Supplementary Data 6–8).