FGFR1 and cancer: Regarding the biologic implications of FGFR1 gene amplification or protein overexpression in hypopharyngeal and laryngeal SCC, we investigated a correlation of FGFR1 alteration with twist and snail, the well-known EMT markers, on the basis of previous studies showing that EMT is induced in tumors by abnormal activation of the FGFR signaling pathway in several types of cancers including HNSCC [38–41].