Akara-amornthum et al. demonstrated that treatment with both TNFα and a Smac mimetic induced RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL-dependent necroptosis when caspase was blocked, evidenced by an increased expression of RIPK3 and MLKL in CCA cell lines after treatment [122]. The gene discussed is RIPK3; the disease is cholangiocarcinoma.