The original WARSS trial comparing warfarin and aspirin in all patients with ischemic stroke and without considering the accompanying cardiac conditions other than AF, failed to demonstrate the superiority of warfarin [30,31]; however, in this subanalysis using a biomarker that reflects the accompanying cardiac condition, the use of warfarin in patients with NT-proBNP > 750 pg/mL showed 70% relative risk reduction compared with aspirin (p = 0.021) [29,30]. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and atrial fibrillation.