Although the results of the on-going randomized controlled trials will be required before definitive conclusions can be made [28,29], a subgroup analysis of the Warfarin-Aspirin Recurrent Stroke Study (WARSS) trial using warfarin in combination with a biomarker (N terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, NT-proBNP > 750 pg/mL) [29,30] provides an early insight for the optimal strategy to prevent recurrent embolic stroke. The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is Stroke.