miR-296 negatively regulated by nicotine directly targets mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-2-induced Ras/Braf/Erk/Mek/c-Myc or Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Protein Kinase B(AKT)/c-Myc signaling to stimulate its own expression and suppress NPC cell proliferation and metastasis [35]. This evidence concerns the gene MAP2K7 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.