IRS1 and essential hypertension: In the experimental model of primary hypertension we observed a decrease in myocardial phosphorylation of IRS-1 (Ser302) (−28.9%, P < 0.05; Figure 3a) and AKT/PKB (Ser473) proteins (–16.9%, P < 0.05; Figure 3b) with simultaneous increase in the total CS expression (+23.8%, P < 0.05; Figure 3f) compared to the normotensive rats.