TNF and laryngeal carcinoma: This defect manifests itself in the reduced ability of IFN-DCs to lyse HEp-2 laryngeal carcinoma cells (which are selectively sensitive to TNFα/TNF-R1-mediated lysis), and this defect has been shown to be associated with low expression levels characteristic of the membrane form of TNFα (mTNFα) present on patient-derived DCs [17,18].