Biodegradable nanoparticles are also being used to deliver mRNAs encoding the interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) and IκB kinase β (IKKβ), to decrease the expression of M2-like genes such as Serpinb2 and CCL11 and increase the secretion of M1-like cytokines such as IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in ovarian cancer, glioma, and lung metastasis mouse models [178]. The gene discussed is IRF5; the disease is glioma.