Underlying mechanisms by which sUA is the final product of purine degradation with xanthine oxidase, an enzyme implicated as a mechanistic participant in oxidative stress [17], and contributes to endothelial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress within the glomerulus and the tubulointerstitium with associated increased remodeling fibrosis of the kidney and to be proatherosclerotic and proinflammatory [45]. The gene discussed is XDH; the disease is endothelial dysfunction.