Testicular macrophages are infected by ZIKV [33], and the infection promotes an increase of mRNA transcript levels of the IFN-α and IFIT1 genes, inducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-8 and chemokines, such as GRO, IP-10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and infection.