IL31 and atopic eczema: Fig 5A and 5B shows that the total number of infiltrate cells, mainly the eosinophils, decreased significantly in the V50, V100 and V200 groups compared with the nonvaccinated and VO groups. IL-31 is known to be one of the key cytokines that induces itching and promotes scratching in mouse models of atopic dermatitis [18]. As shown at Fig 5C, expression of intradermal IL-31 was significantly decreased in all of the DNA vaccinated groups, including the VO group, compared with the nonvaccinated group.