HSF1 and neurodegenerative disease: In addition, this ability to functionally activate HSF1 in mammalian neurons and human cells, in the absence of proteotoxicity, through activation of 5HT4 receptors could have implications for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases where HSF1 is protective (Lee et al., 1995; Li et al., 2017; Westerheide and Morimoto, 2005).