In patients with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia of the Alzheimer type, for example, PET with the first-generation TSPO ligand [11C](R)-PK11195 [13] demonstrated increased tracer binding in the brain regions with the most prominent synaptic dysfunction/degeneration in Alzheimer’s disease, suggesting microglial activation at early clinical stages of the disease [14]. The gene discussed is TSPO; the disease is Alzheimer disease.