CDC42 and cancer: Therefore, recent studies have focused on demonstrating the dysregulation of Rac and Cdc42 in cancer, understanding their contribution to the hallmarks of metastasis: cancer cell growth, cell cycle progression, survival, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion, cell polarization, vesicle trafficking, angiogenesis, immune function, and migration/invasion, and consequently, therapy resistance.