For example, in the serum exosomes of NSCLC patients, lncRNA MALAT-1 is significantly up-regulated and its expression level shows a close correlation with the TNM stages, which demonstrates that exosome-derived MALAT-1 can be used as a non-invasive serum-based tumor biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of NSCLC (Zhang et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene MALAT1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.