Additionally, JNK activation of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and DNA methyltransferase 1 associated protein 1 (DMAP1) domains of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) can directly interact with Snail and suppress E-cadherin in colorectal cancer, glioma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines (117–119). Here, PCNA is linked to central nervous system cancer.