Conditioned media from FM-MA or PR8 infections caused moderate increases in HLA-A/B/C levels, whereas media from NS1 mutant virus infections elicited striking, statistically significant increases in HLA-A/B/C and showed a trend toward increased HLA-B and HLA-E levels when measured independently (Fig. 8B, bottom). The gene discussed is HLA-B; the disease is viral infectious disease.