Among CADASIL patients, the plasma NfL level was higher in the IS (3.53 ± 0.42 natural log pg/mL) and ICH (3.44 ± 0.47 natural log pg/mL) groups than in the no stroke group (2.68 ± 0.56 natural log pg/mL, p = 0.01 and p = 0.04, respectively), whereas the GFAP level was elevated in the ICH group (5.87 ± 0.49 natural log pg/mL) than in the IS (5.01 ± 0.44 natural log pg/mL, p = 0.01) or no stroke group (4.62 ± 0.57 natural log pg/mL, p = 0.001). The gene discussed is GFAP; the disease is stroke disorder.