For the past few years, immune checkpoint inhibitors that inhibit the interaction between programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and its tissue ligand programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) have shown active and enduring clinical efficacy in a variety of solid tumors, including non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) [1–4]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.