Hence, in view of the no effect of running activity on the BMP4 expression in cardiac ventricles (Figure 4a), an enhancement of cardiac function after 8 weeks of spontaneous wheel running (Grassi et al., 2017) suggests that other factors than BMP4 are involved in improvement of cardiac function after physical activity in the heart failure model of mice (see, e.g., in Mancini et al., 2015). The gene discussed is BMP4; the disease is heart failure.