As suggested by these authors, augmentation of BMP4 expression in cardiomyocytes as an effect of pressure overload and/or angiotensin II infusion causes fibrosis and apoptosis mediated via reactive oxygen species production by the NADPH oxidases (Sun et al., 2013) and in consequence leads to cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. This evidence concerns the gene BMP4 and cardiac hypertrophy.