TNF and Insulin resistance: Indeed, acute stress exposure increases the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐1β)39 that may then worsen hyperglycaemia by increasing insulin resistance.40 Future studies are necessary to disentangle the mechanism by which MDD and PTSD can exacerbate haemoglobin A1c in women with type 2 diabetes.