INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Similarly, the presence of islet‐cell antibodies (ICA) also shortened the time to insulin in type 2 diabetes.44 Autoantibodies to protein tyrosine phosphatase isoforms IA‐2 (IA‐2A) were also associated with the time to insulin requirement among type 2 diabetes in the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS)33 and a Japanese study57; likelihood of insulin treatment almost doubled when GADA and IA‐2 antibodies were present in high titre.33 Only one study has looked at inflammatory cytokines.