Tumor survival can depend on the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway to attenuate immunogenicity and facilitate resistance to anti-apoptotic stimuli (Hirano et al., 2005; Azuma et al., 2008; Keir et al., 2008; Gato-Canas et al., 2017; Escors et al., 2018). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is neoplasm.