EGFR and Myocardial fibrosis: Upon excessive ALD stimulation, MR is released from the membrane (Krug et al., 2011), after which it transactivates epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), activates MAPK and ERK1/2 (Ricchiuti et al., 2011; Dooley et al., 2012; Chen et al., 2013), and enters the nucleus to regulate the transcription of downstream signaling molecules and to promote cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis (Navaneethan and Bravo, 2013).