Several reports have demonstrated that MPA can alter MMP-9 levels, where levels are increased in macrophages and, alternatively, reduced in BV2 microglial, endometrial cancer, and primary amnion epithelial cells (Di Nezza et al., 2003; Hwang-Levine et al., 2011; Allen et al., 2019). Here, MMP9 is linked to endometrial cancer.