The macrophage markers F4/80, macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1), Iba1 and IFN regulatory factor 5 (Irf5) from M1 macrophages, and jumonji domain containing-3 (Jmjd3) and others from M2 macrophages25–27, were also induced by the viral infection (Fig. 1d,e). This evidence concerns the gene IRF5 and viral infectious disease.