Mechanistically, BCL-w increases the level of mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is followed by SRC-mediated phosphorylation of EGFR145, and the activation of PI3K/AKT/Sp1 signaling pathway to increase MMP2 expression in GBM and gastric cancer cells18,104,146. Here, SP1 is linked to glioblastoma.