HNRNPU and viral infectious disease: For instance, hnRNPA2B1 senses herpes simplex virus 1 DNA to initiate alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) production and enhances STING-dependent cytoplasmic antiviral signaling (42); hnRNP U (SAFA) can sense double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of both DNA and RNA viruses, and it oligomerizes and activates antiviral responses during viral infections (43).