In another study, immune monitoring was conducted in association with an 815-patient six-arm trial that randomized patients with surgically resected stage 3 and 4 melanoma to peptide vaccines or placebo with GM-CSF or placebo in patients of appropriate HLA-type, and GM-CSF or placebo in patients who were HLA-A2 negative [102, 103]. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and melanoma.