C3AR1 and cancer: Cho et al. had found that the complement system could promote tumor growth through activated C3aR and C5aR via the PI3K/AKT pathway, and that the knockdown of complement system in cancer cells reduces cell proliferation and cancer growth via silencing the PI3K or AKT gene in cancer cells, causing the elimination of the effects of C3aR and C5aR stimulation [43,44].