IL1B and infection: Furthermore, the local induction by E. coli of inflammatory cytokine genes Il1b, Il6, Tnf and Il10 in fetal membranes was suppressed, and (+)‐naloxone similarly attenuated cytokine expression in the placenta, uterine myometrium and decidua.128 These data demonstrate that (+)‐naloxone is a highly effective inhibitor of the inflammatory cascade of preterm parturition in models of infection‐induced preterm birth.