Platelet‐activating factor induces upregulation of TLR4 synthesis and enhances sensitivity to PAMP and DAMP ligation.45 An interaction between TLR4 and the PAF receptor is also implicated in amplifying responses induced by TLR2 signalling, such that Gram‐positive bacteria cause release of endogenous pro‐inflammatory mediators recognised by PAF receptor and TLR4.28 This explains how endogenous PAF acts to enhance infection‐induced inflammation in maternal and fetal tissues, to accelerate preterm delivery in mice. This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and infection.