Second-order statistical differences were detected for the features of energy, max probability, variance, entropy, and inertia (Fig. 2b), with the top three features being energy at 90 degrees (2D direction), MaxProbability at 45/135 degrees, and MaxProbability at 135/135 degrees (3D directions), indicating higher tumor signal heterogeneity for patients with negative BRAF mutations. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is neoplasm.