In this review we will briefly summarize the multiple effects of the Nlrp3 inflammasome in (i) development and expansion of HSPCs, (ii) mobilization of HSPCs, (iii) homing and engraftment of HSPCs after transplantation, (iv) HSPC aging (inflammaging) and the metabolism of immune cells (metaflammation), (v) myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), (vi) myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and leukemia, and finally (vi) posttransplantation graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Here, NLRP3 is linked to myeloproliferative neoplasm.