TAMs contribute to the tumor secretome by releasing a plethora of soluble mediators, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, C-C chemokine motif ligand 18 (CCL18), CCL22, tumor necrosis factor α, and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), that trigger pro-tumorigenic signaling pathways in both tumor and host cells of the TME19–21. Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.