STAT3 and melanoma: In pilot studies, we have found that inhibitors of IKK (BMS-345541), JNK (SP600125) and TLR4 (TAK-242), but not inhibitors of ERK (U0126) and p38 (SB203580), block LPS-induced STAT3 activation (Fig. S6), suggesting that IKK and JNK are involved in TLR4-signaling-mediated STAT3 activation in melanoma.