Unfortunately, virtually all lung cancers with driver mutations ultimately develop resistance to targeted therapies.2 Another recent development in the treatment of NSCLC involves the use of antibodies targeting immune checkpoint molecules including PD-1 or its ligand PD-L1, which can lead to durable responses in around 15%–20% of unselected patients with advanced NSCLC.3 4 Despite promising results with these immunotherapy-based therapies, the majority of patients with lung cancer fail to respond to this intervention. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and lung carcinoma.