Given that gene variants of AMH and AMHR2 with diminished bioactivity have recently been associated with ~3% of familial PCOS (5, 6), that neuronal AMH and AMHR2 expression have been associated with embryonic neuronal differentiation in both humans and mice (106), and that PAMH female mice exhibit many PCOS-like traits (197), altered AMH signaling may also contribute to cognitive differences in women with PCOS. The gene discussed is AMH; the disease is polycystic ovary syndrome.