Furthermore, following Mendelian randomization analyses, BMI, fasting insulin, age at menopause, and depression, together with male-pattern balding among close male relatives, are all implicated in PCOS etiopathogenesis, thus providing a causal link to depression among women with PCOS and the first genetic evidence for a “male phenotype” for PCOS. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is major depressive disorder.