Such models stand in contrast to those illustrated in Supplementary Tables 1a and 1b (36) exhibiting (i) only a single PCOS-like trait, such as T-treated neonatal rats, (ii) 2 or more PCOS-like traits alongside PCOS endocrine-mimics (including hyperprolactinemia and hypogonadotropic amenorrhea), such as DHEA-treated peripubertal or adult female rodents, or (iii) 2 or more PCOS-like traits generated by non-PCOS like mechanisms, (such as testis Leydig cell-typical HSD17B3 contributing to ovarian theca cell hyperandrogenism) as found in estrogen receptor or aromatase knock-out female mice. This evidence concerns the gene ESR1 and polycystic ovary syndrome.