VEGF-A has critical roles in vasculogenesis, tumor and other examples of pathological angiogenesis (e.g., wound healing, chronic inflammation), and lymphangiogenesis, acting through receptors (VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and neuropilin) that are expressed on vascular endothelium as well as on certain other cell types2-5. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and neoplasm.