Moreover, metastasis promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related factors, such as vimentin, hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) were found in the plasma membrane and annexin 2, CK2α, and moesin in the lumen of exosomes of bladder cancer respectively, suggesting their crucial involvement in metastatic process96. The gene discussed is HDGF; the disease is urinary bladder cancer.