Additionally, in in vitro and in vivo studies, anti-inflammatory effects of OME have been related to increased gastric flow, increased anti-inflammatory markers (COX-2, IL-10A, and IL-6), and antiapoptotic activity by reducing caspase 3, Bcl-2, mitochondrial calcium, and expression of NTRK2 and GGR1 genes. Here, CASP3 is linked to otitis media with effusion.