Additionally, other signaling pathways might also contribute to the effects of low-dose IL-2 on the intestinal epithelium in colitis, such as the common gamma chain-Jak-Stat pathways, which are known to be important in the enhancement of proliferation and intestinal barrier regeneration at specific concentrations of IL-2 acting through the IL-2R on the intestinal epithelium 61, 62, 80. The gene discussed is IL2RA; the disease is colitis.