Interestingly, IL-10R signaling and downstream STAT3 phosphorylation are defective in CD4+ T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and MS, suggesting that failure of T cell suppression by IL-10 may play an important role in autoimmune disease, including in the CNS [70, 71]. Here, IL10RA is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.