Consistent with these results, the expression levels of ERP27, PDIA5, TXNDC12, ERP44, TXNDC5, P4HB, PDIA4, PDIA6, TMX1, TMX3 and DNAJC10 were shown to be positively correlated with the malignant progression of gliomas, while those of CASQ1 and PDIA2 were negatively correlated with increased malignancy of these tumours. This evidence concerns the gene PDIA4 and glioma.