TNF and cancer: In addition, GSEA also identified that hallmarks of malignant tumours, including TNFA signalling via NF‐κB (NES = 1.55, normalized P = .028), epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (NES = 1.58, normalized P = .006), G2M checkpoint (NES = 1.61, normalized P = .021), apoptosis (NES = 1.65, normalized P = .004), E2F targets (NES = 1.61, normalized P = .031) and angiogenesis (NES = 1.63, normalized P = .002), were significantly correlated with C2 (Figure 4C).